di Flavio Felice

Abstract: the article takes up the theme of peace not as the mere absence of war, but as the set of conditions that make it impracticable; an anachronistic institution that has been expunged from human history. For this reason, the task of the social scientist, during a phase of war, is to think the unthinkable: how to organize institutions, so that the indispensable relations on which the governance of peace rests can be established? Referring to thinkers such as Luigi Einaudi, Wilhelm Röpke and Luigi Sturzo, the author argues that it is possible to implement a government of peace to the extent that the government of conflicts is channeled along the tracks of liberal and democratic institutions. At the base we have the recognition that these institutions are not exportable, depending on the human quality of those who populate them: the homo democraticus, whose skills can be transferred only by cultural contagion and not by weapons. The governance of peace requires a cultural conversion that passes through the repudiation of the «double morality» and the relative «dispensation» that would allow the «prince» of the moment to carry out the worst evils in the name of «reason of State». The governance of peace is a cultural operation that nourishes liberal and democratic institutions, in the conviction that si vis pacem, para institutiones.

Keywords: Governance of peace – International Community – Reason of State – European common defense

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di Pierpaolo Donati

Abstract: Fraternity, understood as an interpersonal relationship between two or more subjects, is expressed and made concrete in a specific type of goods: relational goods. Relational goods are born on a micro level in the lifeworlds (primary relational goods), but then they can originate forms of civil associations and organizations at a meso level (secondary relational goods), thus contributing to giving a specific configuration to an entire community or society. This contribution aims to explain this important way of considering and making operational the meaning of fraternity. To understand the role of relational goods in creating a fraternal society, we must start from the observation that modern society, typically Western, was built on the basis of the principles of (individual) freedom and equality (between individuals), putting aside the principle of fraternité. But a society like this has limits that lead it to self-defeat. Freedom and equality require the «third», i.e. fraternity, otherwise they fall into lib/lab systems which generate inequalities and threaten fundamental human rights.

Keywords: Fraternity – relational goods – relational sociology – good life – social morality

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